The moment of delivery of the year; From the earth to the sky

The moment of delivery in astronomy refers to the time when the sun moves through the Vernal Equinox in its appearance on the celestial sphere and enters the zero -degree skyline. This is the starting point of the Arise Tower in the Red Cross and is known as the main authority in determining the beginning of the true solar year.

The moment of delivery of the year; Point Missing in Earth Circuit and Code Change Season

Imran Moradi, Space Researcher “The solar year is defined by the movement of the Earth around the sun,” he says to ISNA. That is, when the earth hits a full circle around the sun, we have passed through a solar year. This move changes the seasons due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis and its position relative to the sun.

He added: The axis of the Earth has an angle of about 0.5 degrees, compared to the orbital plate where the Earth is around the sun. This tilt plays a key role in seasonal phenomena. Imagine a large lamp (the sun) and a pinging cannon (the ground) and a pencil that has been miles through the middle of the pinging ball (Earth’s axis). This pencil always remains in a fixed direction, whether the earth is moving or constant. At the moment of the year’s delivery, the earth is in a position whose axis is neither inclined to the sun nor from the sun. At this moment the sunlight shines exactly perpendicular to the equator, and all parts of the earth are almost the same.

The space researcher says that in the northern hemisphere, this is the beginning of the spring season, and in the southern hemisphere the beginning of autumn, this state is called “spring equinox” in the northern hemisphere and the “autumn moderation” in the southern hemisphere: If the Earth goes beyond this 2 degree orbit, it will go on its way to a quarter. It is inclined. This situation coincides with the beginning of summer in the northern hemisphere and the beginning of winter in the southern hemisphere, calling it a “summer revolution”. The Earth reaches a point where the Earth’s axis is neither inclined to the sun, with no other rotation in its orbit (ie, half of the orbit). The sun shines again perpendicular to the equator, and in the northern hemisphere, this position is the beginning of autumn and in the southern hemisphere the beginning of spring. This is called “autumn moderation”. By moving the other 2 degrees (three -quarters of the orbit), the Earth reaches a position where the Earth’s axis is in a direction where the upper part (the northern hemisphere) is removed from the sun. In this situation, the sun shines at an angle to the northern hemisphere, reducing the temperature and the beginning of winter in this hemisphere. This point is called the “winter revolution”. By traveling another 2 degrees (ie a complete round), the earth returns to the same point; Where the Earth’s axis is neither inclined to the sun nor is it away from it, this is the moment of the year’s delivery or spring equality, and a new cycle begins.

Moradi, pointing out that the Earth experiences four main situations during a solar year; Spring equality (the delivery of the year), when the Earth’s axis is neither far from the sun nor far from it, the summer revolution, when the Earth’s axis is inclined to the Sun, when the Earth’s axis is re -axis of the sun neither towards the sun nor from it, and the winter revolution, when the Earth’s axis is distant.

Movement of the Earth’s axis and the gradual changes of the year of delivery of the year

“In general, we have a number of astronomical changes in the sky, one of which is the dedicated motion of the Earth’s axis,” he said. The Earth’s axis, in addition to having a 2.5 degree tilt compared to the Earth’s orbit plate around the sun, is slowly making a rotational motion that we deserve. To better understand this move, one can imagine the same pinging ball and pencil we considered as the axis of the earth. While this pencil (Earth’s axis) is normally toward a star in the sky called the polar star, this direction changes over time. Simply put, if the Earth’s axis is now in line with the polar star, in the future, for example, about 6,000 years, this axis will no longer be in the direction of the polar star and shifts to another star. The reason for this change is the dedicated motion of the Earth’s axis that is due to the gravity of the moon (and to some extent the sun) on the tropical bumps of the Earth. This gravitational force will slowly travel a circular path in the sky, so that each round of movement takes about 6,000 years.

The space researcher states: This dedicated move also causes the moment of spring equality to be moved to ahead, and as a result, the position of the stars in the sky changes gradually, although it is very slow and subtle, and in short periods of time, even for a few thousand years, its effect is not very evident. For this reason, during these short periods, the moment of delivery remains in the spring, but if we look at much longer periods, for example, for tens of thousands of years, these changes will gradually make the moment of delivery gradually at a different time of the year.

Moradi adds that the spring season in Iran begins in the early days of April, but as a result of this dedicated period, the beginning of spring may be delayed or preceded by other months: however, the seasons will continue to be around the sun, and we will still be around the sun, and we will still be around the sun. Change.

The moment of delivery of the year on other planets

“As we experience the moment of the year, as we experience the moment of the year, he says of the moment of delivery,” he says. The reason is that other planets, like the Earth, have an axis and their axis is angle to the sun. Given this feature, these planets also experience changes in the amount of sunlight in their various areas when circulating around the sun, which somehow create seasons.

However, changing seasons in the planets is no longer exactly the same as Earth. All the planets of the Solar System move around the sun in circuits, and as a result, each planet has its own year, but the duration of these years is different. For example, the planet Mars travels every year for 5 days. However, the year of Earth takes 4 days.

Moradi says: On the customer’s planet, because of its larger orbit, every year is equivalent to 5 years. There is also the difference in other planets. For example, Mercury’s planet completes itself in a very short period of time, equivalent to 3 days of earth. In contrast, the planet Uranus travels its full circle around the sun for five years.

He added that in addition to the differences over the years, the state of the planet’s axis and their tilt varies: this difference plays an important role in the creation and experience of seasons in different planets. In Mercury, for example, its axis is almost perpendicular to its orbital plate, which causes almost no seasonal change in Mercury. Although there is a year in Mercury, but due to its very low -axis tilting and the lack of atmosphere that can keep heat, temperature and seasonal changes are not tangible.

In contrast, the planet Uranus is completely different. The axis of the planet is very tilted, so that its north pole is directly towards the sun. For this reason, during the five years of Uranus a full circle around the sun, the planet has been facing the sun for five years, and its Antarctica is exposed to sunlight five years later. This condition makes the change in the seasons in Uranus completely different and very unusual and does not form four regular and specific seasons over a year, but for Mars, conditions are somewhat similar to Earth.

“The Mars axis has a tilting, and this tilting makes Mars also having a certain seasons,” he said. Spring equanimity also occurs on Mars, and at this moment the sun shines exactly perpendicular to the planet’s equator, and sunlight alike illuminates all parts of Mars; Just like what we experience at the moment of spring equality on Earth, so although all the planets of the solar system have their own year and experience a chapter, the difference in the axial tilt and the duration of their circulation around the sun makes these chapters their own characteristics on each planet. In some planets, such as Mars, these changes are more similar to Earth, but in planets such as Mercury and Uranus, conditions are quite different.

The space researcher adds: At the Earth’s poles, the moment of the year’s delivery, or spring equation, is a very specific and different phenomenon from other parts of the planet. In the Arctic, this moment means the end of a long period of polar night. The Arctic, due to the tendency of the Earth’s axis, sinks into absolute darkness during the six months of winter, and the sun never dawns from the horizon, but at the moment of spring equation, that is, at the moment of the year’s delivery, the sun appears on the horizon for the first time after six months of darkness. From this moment on, the day in the North Pole will gradually increase.

Moradi says: The sun rises slower in the North Pole than normal and gradually rises in the sky. Over time, this trend continues until at the height of the summer, the sun never sunset, and the North Pole enters a period of six months of polar day during which the sun will always remain in the sky. In contrast, in Antarctica, conditions are quite the opposite. At the moment of spring moderation, the sun sets for the first time in the horizon for six months. During these six months, the sun has always been in the Antarctic sky and there was no real night there, but with the beginning of the spring of spring, the sun sets and the darkness of the polar night begins. From then on, the Antarctica enters six months of absolute darkness, during which the sun will never rise. The point is that at the moment of spring equation, at the moment of the year’s delivery, which coincides with the beginning of the first day of April in the solar calendar, the length of day and night is exactly equal in both poles of the Earth. At this moment, both in the Arctic and the South Antarctica, there are 2 hours a day and 2 hours.

He adds: After this moment, in the North Pole, they are increasing for days and prolonged in the South Antarctica. This trend continues until six months after the autumn moderation arrives; At this time, the conditions are reversed at the poles, the Arctic enters the polar night and the South Pole begins the polar days again. Therefore, the moment of spring equation in the poles is an important turning point in the day and night cycle, and it is the initiator of significant changes in the brightness of these areas.

The space researcher points out: We can predict the moment of delivery of the year with very precision, even in milliseconds, for the coming years using precise astronomical models and mathematical calculations. These predictions are based on regular Earth’s movements, including the Earth’s rotation around it and its transitional movement around the sun. The advanced models developed in astronomy are able to calculate this phenomenon with very high accuracy. However, some specific factors can affect the accuracy of these predictions. For example, minor changes in the rotation speed of the earth may cause slight changes at the exact time of the year. Factors such as large earthquakes, atmospheric changes, or the movement of materials inside the earth can have effects on the rotation speed of the Earth. Of course, these changes are usually very small and under normal circumstances do not have a significant impact on the delivery time of the year, though it is likely that larger events will occur under exceptional and abnormal conditions that can make major changes. For example, if a heavy and deliberate crime crosses the land unusual and disrupts the land as a result of its gravitational force, changes may occur at the time of delivery. However, such events are very rare and unlikely. Under normal circumstances, the earth continues to move with the same natural order it has been adhering to for thousands of years, and there is no change in its normal process. Therefore, the prediction of the moment of delivery of the year with a very high accuracy and millisecond is completely possible, and astronomy has the ability to calculate this phenomenon with high confidence.

Moradi adds that if the speed of the Earth’s rotation changes around the sun, the first thing that happens throughout the year is: If the earth turns faster, the length of the year will be shorter, just like the planet Venus and Mercury, which is faster and their year is shorter than Earth. For example, if the Earth was rotated for 2 days instead of 2 days, it would be similar to the circuit of Mercury or Venus, each with years of about 2 days. Similarly, if the Earth’s movement is slower, the year will increase, such as Mars, which is about 2 days. If the Earth turns much slower, it will be similar to that of the customer, which is about 5 years. If the speed of the Earth’s rotation changes, the moment of delivery will also be moved. For example, if the earth turns slower, the moment of delivery will occur later. In this case, if the calendars are kept constant, the moment of delivery will be later than normal. However, after a while, we will reach a new order and the cycle of earth speed changes will be fixed over time. If there is no change in the speed of the earth, the moment of delivery will be re -proved, but in the new periods.

“The solar calendar is much more accurate than the calendar,” he said. The year ends when the last day of December reaches 9pm and then the new year begins. Due to the time differences in different countries, the days of the year are different in different parts of the planet. For example, in a flight that runs from two different points, a flight can celebrate Year 2 at the destination and then celebrate again at another destination that has not yet started, but not for the solar year. In the solar year, all parts of the earth experience the moment of delivery at the same time, even if there is a special time in Iran for the moment of delivery, this may happen at different times, such as morning, afternoon, or evening, but they all celebrate this moment. Especially given the advances in technology and communication, Iranians can celebrate the moment of delivery around the world around the world. Using mobile phones and video communications, they can attend the new solar year celebration at the same time.

Astronomical phenomena

Alireza Bayat, Astronomical Expert Regarding the moment of the year’s delivery in Jalali’s calendar, he says: The moment of the year’s delivery is not just a numerical change in the calendar, but a precise and unique event based on spring equation. At this moment, the sun reaches the point of spring equilibrium in its appearance, called the circle, and passes through the Earth’s equator. This astronomical transition increases the night and day throughout the earth, and from the astronomical point of view, the sun rises from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere.

He adds: The basis of this phenomenon lies during the exact length of a real solar year; A cycle that is limited 1.2 days It takes a long time. The same deficit difference, which is about 1 hundred days, causes the time to be delivered several hours each year compared to the previous year. In consecutive years, this cumulative delay increases to the extent that the leap year enters the calendar cycle to synchronize the calendar with the Earth. In each six -year solar period, eight years is considered as a leap year and an additional day is added to March.

Astronomy continues: Although the moment of delivery is calculated on the basis of precise astronomical principles, some cosmic factors can have minor effects on it. Including the dedicated movement and inconvenience that causes minor fluctuations in the axis of rotation, the difference in the elliptical orbit of the elliptical orbit that changes according to Kepler’s rules, as well as the gravitational effects of planets and the moon can cause a dispute for a few seconds or minutes. In addition, leap years also affect the time of delivery; So in the leap year, the moment of delivery of the year 2 hours earlier than the previous year It happens, while in ordinary years, this moment is almost 2 hours later It happens.

The difference of delivery of the solar and AD

Bayat states: There is a fundamental difference between the year’s delivery in the solar calendar and AD. The moment of delivery of the solar year is adjusted directly based on spring equation and precise astronomical calculations, while the year is based solely on a contractual count. 1 or 2 days It is regulated and not dependent on the moment of moderation. Therefore, the delivery time of the year may be different from spring equation.

From a scientific point of view, the Jalali calendar, which is the official Iranian calendar, is one of the most accurate calendars in the world. Its basic principles, based on the actual circulation of the Earth around the sun and astronomical changes, are a reason for its unique stability and accuracy. Although with the progress of astronomical tools, more accurate reforms and calculations may be implemented in the future, as long as the land continues to move in its orbital path and spring equantility occurs, the basis of the calculation of the year’s delivery will remain constant and unchanged.

According to RCO News Agency, carefully examining the astronomical phenomena related to the moment of delivery is said to be more than a simple calendar change. The delivery of the solar year is an amazing result of the perfect coordination of the Earth’s motion in its orbit, the pivotal tendency and gravitational effects that all occur with astonishing precision on the millisecond. This phenomenon shows how cosmic order, even against minor changes in the speed of the Earth’s rotation, still maintains a regular and predictable cycle. From the poles of Earth to other planets, the concept of year and the change of seasons are a reflection of this harmony; The harmony that reminds us of nature is ultimately adhering to an extraordinary order.

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