The researcher of Sahab policy research think tank, by examining the opinions for and against global warming, emphasized that in the conditions where, based on this theory, restrictions are placed on the countries of the world in the way of using fossil resources in the form of international treaties, it is necessary to conduct an independent and impartial internal study in especially the causes and consequences of this phenomenon.
According to IsnaThe trend of temperature increase since 1880 is as follows:
Between 1880 and 1980, the global temperature increased by 0.07 degrees Celsius per decade. Since 1981, the rate of global warming has increased to 0.18 degrees Celsius
The upward trend in temperature led to an increase in the current temperature of the earth by 2 degrees Celsius compared to the pre-industrial era.
2023 has been recorded as the hottest year on earth, and the summer of that year was the hottest in the last two thousand years.
The average global temperature on land and ocean in 2020 was 0.98 degrees Celsius warmer than the average temperature of the 20th century (13.19 degrees Celsius).
The main culprit of modern global warming is man; Because burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These gases trap the sun’s heat and lead to an increase in surface and air temperatures. Currently, global warming is considered synonymous with climate change, and scientists prefer this term more.
The researcher of the Sahab Policy Research Institute has reviewed the opinions of the researchers in this field and emphasizes that, based on this theory, in the form of international treaties, there are restrictions on the use of fossil resources by the countries of the world, an independent and unbiased internal study is necessary. about the causes and consequences of this phenomenon.
Comments on global warming
Pouria Levai, a member of the Sahab Applied Policy Research Institute, in an interview with ISNAHe considered global warming to be a phenomenon that, according to some international institutions, has caused changes in the planet and said: Although some researchers do not accept such a theory, global warming is one of the most important challenges of the present era that has attracted global attention. In addition, this issue is the basis of the Paris Agreement and is a controversial issue among scientists, politicians and public opinion.
He continued: Many scientists and international organizations believe that this phenomenon is a serious threat to ecosystems, human life and the future of the earth. On the other hand, there is a group of critics who consider this phenomenon exaggerated or even a baseless illusion.
Levai stated: Numerous scientific studies show that since the industrial revolution, the average temperature of the earth has increased significantly. Also, data collected from meteorological stations, satellite images and analysis of tree rings and polar ice show that the average temperature of the earth is increasing since the industrial revolution.
A member of the academic staff of the Sahab Political Research Institute pointed out: In addition, the data published by organizations such as NASA and the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) show that the average global temperature since the end of the 19th century has increased by about 1.1 degrees. Celsius has increased and this increase has mainly intensified in recent decades.
He emphasized: Many researchers believe that the occurrence of natural phenomena such as the following is another confirmation of the increase in the global average temperature:
1- Melting of polar ice
Satellite images and scientific studies show that the Arctic and Southern polar ice caps are melting at an unprecedented rate; So that the area of Arctic ice has decreased by more than 40% since 1980 and the water level of the oceans has risen by about 20 cm since 1900 due to the melting of polar ice and the thermal expansion of water.
2-. Ecosystem changes
Plant and animal species have changed their habitat due to climate change. For example, many bird species migrate earlier and plants flower earlier. Research shows that climate change has many effects on the behavior and distribution of various species around the world.
A member of the Sahab Applied Policy Research Institute stated: The study of 202 plant species in Europe from 1971 to 2000 shows an improvement in spring leaf opening of 2.5 days and fruit ripening by 2.4 days per decade, and 75% of the species have progressed. show
Levai added: The migration of songbirds in a period of 46 years has shown significantly premature migration.
He continued: At the same time, this group believes that global warming has extensive effects on ecosystems and climate. Many regions in the world have witnessed a long-term increase in heat waves, which has reduced water resources and severe droughts in different regions of the world. This issue has jeopardized food security and drinking water supply. In addition, the rainfall patterns have also changed and some areas have seen more intense rains and other areas have experienced a decrease in rainfall. These changes have had devastating effects on agriculture.
A member of the applied policy research think tank Sahab stated: Despite extensive scientific evidence, another group of scientists are also skeptical about the reality or the extent of the impact of global warming. In fact, some of them consider the warming of the earth as a natural thing and consider the role of humans to be insignificant.
Earth’s natural cycles
Levai added: Some scientists believe that temperature changes are part of the Earth’s natural cycles, and throughout history, there have been many hot and cold periods, which are described as follows:
1- Earth self-regulation
A number of researchers believe that the earth acts like a self-regulating system and can adjust its temperature.
2- The influence of cosmic factors
A group of scientists believe that external factors such as solar activity and changes in the earth’s orbit play a greater role in global warming.
He reminded: even some other critics consider the theory of global warming baseless and do not accept it; Because they allow the possibility that data collected from weather stations or climate models may not be accurate or may be affected by factors such as land use changes.
Levai pointed out: Based on this, global warming can be considered a controversial phenomenon among researchers. In a situation where, based on this theory, there are restrictions on the use of fossil resources in the form of international treaties, it is necessary to conduct an independent and impartial internal study on the causes and consequences of this phenomenon.
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