Researchers at the University of Tehran Water and Environment in collaboration with Sharif and Amir Kabir University of Technology, a study on the modeling of hydrological factors controlling the entrance to the five -water supply water supply tanks in Tehran has performed the results of the drought period (drought). It offers important strategies to adapt to climate change and promote resilience of Tehran’s water supply systems.
The study, which combined with advanced satellite data, ground observations and artificial intelligence modeling, focuses on the five vital dams of Latian, Lar, Karaj, Taleghan and Mamlu; The dams that supply about 2 % of Tehran’s metropolitan drinking water have been carried out.
Dr. Seyyed Musa Hosseini, a faculty member at the University of Tehran and the head of the research team, said: “In this study, using the integration of remote sensing data, ground station data and artificial intelligence -based modeling, the dynamics of the input flows to five main dams supplies in Tehran. The results of this study are an important step towards sustainable management of water resources at the level of catchments of the dams studied and providing practical solutions to the challenges of climate change and reducing the risk of dehydration.
Hosseini said that the dams of Latian, Lar, Karaj, Taleghan and Mamlu were about 5 % of Tehran’s drinking water and the rest of the water need for groundwater resources provided, adding: “In this study, the long -term data flow to the dams mentioned in the 5 -year period (1-5) was used. Modeling results showed that between 2 and 5 percent of the volume of input flow to the tanks of the five dams is the base flow. The river base flow is fed from delayed sources such as deep soil moisture, snow melting and gradual discharge of aquifers, and plays a key role in the continuous supply of drinking water, preserving river ecosystems, and stability of flows during the non -rainfall period.
The head of the research team emphasized: “This is actually reflecting the complete reliance on the supply of water flow to the dams on underground resources and snow reserves.”
Hosseini said about the modeling process and data needed in this study: Modern statistical techniques and modeling of artificial intelligence were used to model and identify hydrological factors affecting the base of the dam. Factors such as temperature, precipitation, evaporation potential, soil moisture, vegetation index, snow melting and snow coating surface at the surface of the dams are extracted from reputable satellite bases such as FLDAS, Era5-Land, Soilgrids and AVHRRR.
He added: The results of base flow modeling with Random Forest (Random Forest) showed that soil moisture, especially in deeper layers (1 to 2 cm), is the most important controller and predictor of river base flow in all basins.
A member of the Faculty of Geography of the University of Tehran, said: High correlation coefficients and delay time close to zero between soil moisture and base flow show that subsurface moisture conditions have immediate and sustainable control over base flow production, which can be due to their direct role in groundwater nutrition and lateral flow below the ground.
The findings of this study indicate the vital role of soil moisture as a hydrological buffer that regulates the time and volume of the flow into the tanks, especially in dry periods where the surface psyche -surface is limited; Therefore, maintaining moisture in deep soil layers for the stability of the base flow and consequently, securely providing the inlet water to Tehran tanks is essential.
Researchers have described strategies such as “irrigation optimization”, “management of land coating to increase water penetration” and “protecting groundwater nutrition areas” in maintaining effective soil moisture reserves.
Researchers in the study have also said that using precise soil moisture data, including “installing stations for soil moisture measurement in different” and “using measuring sources such as SMAP or” Era5-land, can significantly increase the accuracy of base flow and tank input.
The results of this study, published in the Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, are available through this link.
(tagstotranslate) Seyed Musa Hosseini (T) University of Tehran (T) Dam (T) Decrease (T) Drought (T) River
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