According to Mehr news agency, quoted from InterestingEngineeringMore precisely D itE It has revealed a hidden operating system that is not like a spiral. This discovery changes the researchers’ understanding of the laws that regulate genes in diseased and healthy cells.
A group of researchers between international Among others, HSE University participated in this research. They explored an old challenge that involved quadruple shapes E were forming and disappearing quickly, to so that could evade traditional genome mapping tools.
Until now, only parts of their activities have been visible. Using artificial intelligence, the researchers reconstructed the parts of the genome that these unstable structures of D itE They came from there. More importantly, they discovered a surprising rule that shows that quads don’t work alone.
Researchers have shown for the first time that these quadruplets work in pairs and identify parts of the gene’s start regions as elements close to D. itE which strengthen the transcription process, link.
Quadruples are formed when areas rich in guanine In D itE in layers on each other They are placed and twisted to form a three-dimensional knot. These structures act like cues that guide the proteins that regulate gene activity and direct them to the correct genetic addresses.
Because different experiments capture different subsets of quadruplets, a complete pan map has not yet been established. Researchers for this purpose a linguistic model Genomics Called DNABERT again Based on Four specific data were taught.
Maria Papetsva Director of Biomedical Technology and Research Center at HSE University says: We are in research Mann DNABERT Based on We trained EndoQuad, the largest test dataset of validated quads, which led to the construction of the GQ-DNABERT model. The said model is sequence D itE evaluates to determine where quadruplets are likely to form.
Unlike simpler examples, this algorithm also takes into account the context surrounding the DNA, which determines whether a sequence actually folds into a quadruplex.
This capability allowed the research team to predict about 360,000 quadruplets, which was far more than what was detected by laboratory methods alone.
The said model confirmed that quadruplets usually in Promotersthat is, the gene transcription start regions appear. But an unexpected finding was also revealed. A large number of them were detected in nearby amplifiers, which are actually elements of D itE are those that enhance gene activity.
The researchers found that the quadrupeds often occur simultaneously in Promoters and amplifier I see Forms and structures pair constructs that jointly regulate gene expression.
To investigate their biological role, the researchers mapped the quadrilaterals on the data Sequencing Single cells from six different tissue types overlapped.
In healthy tissues, these pairs Promoter-strengthening were associated with genes that had tissue-specific roles; Such as neural functions in the brain, immune responses in the blood, and activities Epithelial in the intestine
But the tumor cells were a completely different story. While the number of quadruplets remained roughly the same, the genes under their control shifted dramatically toward general developmental programs.
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