According to the Mehr Reporter, in the warm seasons of the year, including late spring and summer, we are seeing an increase in sunlight in areas such as Tehran. Following the heat of the air and increasing sunlight, the UV Index (UV Index) also increases. This index is designed to determine the amou of ultraviolet radiation at differe times of the day and is measured on a scale of 1 to 2. The ultraviolet index helps people aware of the dangers of UV exposure and take steps to protect themselves.
With the onset of summer in some cities, such as Tehran, the ultraviolet radiation index has been highly high and warnings have been announced.
Dr. Abbas Ali Ali Akbari Bidakhti; Head of Research Ozone And air pollution at the Geophysical Institute of Tehran, referring to the heat of the air this year, said: This year he has surprised the resides of the Middle East, especially Iran. The temperature also set a record in the last days of May and approached about 2 degrees Celsius in Tehran. Climate change unfortunately due to the warming of areas such as the Middle East has increased temperature and reduced cloudy, resulting in increased solar radiation.
He is about the relationship of ultraviolet beams and Ozone Explained: Solar radiation consists of ultraviolet or ultraviolet (UV) in bands B, A and C, the Earth’s atmosphere and the layer Ozone The atmosphere of the eire brief overlooking of its very short ultraviolet radiation, C and part of the band B, but part of the B band and most of the band A (The least harmful The ultraviolet radiation section reaches the surface.
Faculty member of the Institute of Geophysics, referring to layer damage Ozone Recalled: layer Ozone In the past decades due to human use of CFC gases (Chlorofluorocarbon) Was damaged, but today, after replacing and banning the use of these gases Ozone Is a little restorative. This layer, within a range of about 1 to 2 kilometers, has a protective role against harmful solar radiation for living organisms by absorbing the bulk of the solar ultraviolet.
June and August the highest ultraviolet in Tehran
He’s about studies in the research departme Ozone And the air pollution of the Institute of Geophysics explained: Our rece study (Dr. Ali Akbari Bidakhti and Ms. Shari’ipour) in the research departme Ozone And Tehran’s air pollution at the Institute of Geophysics of the University of Tehran has shown that the city of Tehran receives the highest level of ultraviolet radiation in June and August.
Ali Akbari Bidakhti recommended that people working in the open environme, especially in these mohs, use solar radiation and the general public should be time -consuming. Injury Limit direct sunlight.
Tehrani have been exposed to high UV rays for about a year.
The university professor noted: Based on The results of long -term research Ozone And the air pollution of the Institute of Geophysics of the University of Tehran.Ozone Kelly does the Earth’s atmosphere »About 5 % of the year of the year, Tehran is in high radiation. These days, the standard UV index is larger than 1 (this index is defined from 1 to 2, which shows the number one and 2 the highest effect of the UV beam, especially in band B).
He emphasized: In these days there is a need for extra body protection, especially the eyes, against sunlight; Because excessive ultraviolet radiation can lead to sunburn, skin aging, skin and eye diseases such as cataracts, DNA chain damage, and body immune problems.
When. Ozone It becomes dangerous
Ali Akbari Bidakhti poied to the more worrying aspect of UV radiation and said: On the other hand, UV-B radiation reached the surface of the earth in hot seasons and in urban areas. Ozone The surface of the earth is a dangerous secondary polluta. UV-B radiation with the presence of nitrogen oxides, which are mainly coaminas with iernal combustion such as cars, motorcycles, etc. and volatile organic matter such as benzene due to reactions Photochemical Production Ozone The surface becomes the ground.
He added: Ozone A surface with another secondary polluta that is an organic compound known as Pan, the bulk of “Fatoum(Photochemical SMOG) forms urban areas.
The annual increase of days with Ozone Many in Tehran
The researcher warned: “Unfortunately, every year in the hot seasons, we see a number of days that pollutas Ozone In the Tehran environme, we are too much. In addition to being harmful to humans, these secondary pollutas are also very harmful to other creatures and plas.
According to the faculty of the Institute of Geophysics; Ozone The surface is a dangerous polluta and is especially a serious threat to respiratory paties. Because Ozone It is a powerful oxidizing material that can cause inflammation and damage to the respiratory tracts and cause eye irritation. Therefore, in the hot seasons, the resides of cities such as Tehran should also be limited.
Referring to the necessity of restricting polluta springs, he emphasized: To reduce urban pollutas and resilience to cities against climate change and increase urban population, it is better to limit pollutas. In this regard the use of energy RenewableProper construction, use of electric vehicles, expanding the metro network in most urban environmes are recommended as appropriate solutions.
Exposure Ozone What problems do you follow?
According to Mehr, in a review study published earlier this year, evidence of the effects of air pollution, especially OzoneTroposphere Or Ozone The surface of the earth on human health has been examined.
Air pollution, especially Ozone It can have respiratory symptoms, even in healthy people, especially in paties with lung -like problems. Asthma And they are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Even short -term exposure to the high levels of these pollutas can lead to inflammation and lung damage.
Ozone It can cause cough, sore throat, throat dryness, stimulation of the eyes and nose and shortness of breath. For paties AsthmaExposure OzoneThe risk of attacking and iensifying attacks Asthma Increases. It is estimated that 2 to 5 million annual visits to hospitals in the year 2 because of AsthmaMay be due to OzoneTroposphere Or Ozone The ground level is 5 % to 5 % of all global referrals to the hospital.
Long -term exposure to Ozone It is also associated with reduced lung function and disruption to normal lung growth in children. Also, a significa relationship between long -term exposure to high levels Ozone And nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and increased risk of acute exacerbation in paties with Fibrosis Pulmonary Idiopathic Observed.
Who is most at risk?
World Health and Environmeal Protection Agency for the United States of America, more vulnerable populations Ozone They have announced. Accordingly, the elderly, children, athletes, and people who work publicly outdoor (such as construction workers and firefighters), most negative effects OzoneTroposphere They experience. Women also have a significa negative impact on their health and possible damage to the developing fetus. Also, people with obesity, diabetes, pneumonia, FibrosisCystic And cardiac diseases are also at greater risk.
In urban areas more pollutas such as OzoneSuspended particles, diesel exhaust particles, NO2, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and black carbon are usually found in combination. Sync ieractions between Ozone And other air pollutas can significaly increase inflammation and lung damage, leading to the exacerbation of chronic pulmonary diseases and pose a greater risk of respiratory health than individual pollutas.
Due to the forecast of increased conceration Ozone In the coming years, especially in urban areas, reducing exposure to Ozone And other pollutas caused by human activities are of great importance to protect public health and economic sustainability.
Measures necessary to reduce pollution Ozone
To reduce coamination OzoneYou have to take a set of key actions. The most importa of these include reducing the release of precursor pollutas such as volatile organic compounds (VOCS) and nitrogen oxides (NOX), which are mainly spread from fossil fuels and vehicle exhaust.
This requires a sharp reduction in fossil fuel consumption and the developme of public transport and the use of clean vehicles such as electric cars. Also, the formulation and implemeation of effective environmeal and energy policies and regulations Renewable Necessary. Increasing public awareness of citizens and iernational cooperation also play an importa role. At the peak hours of coamination OzonePeople are advised to avoid outdoors.
Air Quality Index table for Ozone A good guide for authorized values Ozone The surface of the earth or OzoneTroposphere Is.
(tagstotranslate) Air Pollution (T) Institute of Geophysics of the University of Tehran (T) Ozone Layer (T) Sunscreen (T) Sun (T) Tehran University (T) Tehran
