Know the types of leather! Feature, application 🐏| fashion time

There are different types of leather with distinct characteristics and properties in the world. Do with interesting features Types of natural and artificial leatherAre you familiar with original or fake? Do you know what characteristics and properties each type of leather has? In the previous articles of Vaghtemod.ir fashion and style magazine, we have fully explained about leather, its features and history. In this series of articles with Types of natural and artificial leather you will get to know The characteristics of each of them and the method of making them We have explained to you so that you can familiarize yourself with the types of leather models and recognize their similarities and differences.

Types of leather, how many types of leather are there?

different types of leatherLeather) exist in the world, which are divided into different categories based on the use and type of production. In general, leather based on the production method; It is divided into two categories, synthetic and natural leather, each of which has special characteristics. All of them are described below.

Read about leather: What is leather? The history of making leather (Leather) throughout history.

Natural leather styles

Natural leather (natural leather) and vegetable tanned (without chromium); It is breathable and compatible with the skin. natural leather; It is made of animal skin and has a long life and durability. Also, during the production of natural leather, there are limited amounts of harmful substances.
Natural leather has been used as a cover since the beginning of human existence, and it was used as a popular clothing and suitable cover.

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Artificial leather, one of the most common types of leather

Among the types of skin can be Artificial leather (Artificial leather) pointed out that today in the bag and shoe industry, women’s fashion and style are used a lot. Synthetic leather is very similar to natural leather, except that it is not made from animal skin and is impure.

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In most cases, Synthetic leather is produced from synthetic materials such as textile fabrics with plastic coating such as PVC, polyurethane or polyester. In addition, this type of leather has a relatively low price and is used in making shoes, shirts, furniture, accessories and many other items.

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The most common types of natural leather

Natural leather, which is produced from animal skins, after tanning, is sold in several types in the market, and below we will introduce each of them along with its features and characteristics.

What is smooth or full grain leather? (common leather in the market)

Smooth or full grain leather; The most natural type of leather or animal skin is made by removing the hair from the epidermis. Smooth leather is the most popular choice due to its strength and durability. Also, the price of full-grain leather is more expensive than other types of leather.

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There are two methods of applying color to full grain or smooth leather

• Aniline process to make full grain or smooth leather:

aniline process (aniline process leather) involves dipping the leather in a transparent color that gives it a uniform color and at the same time preserves the natural appearance of this leather.

• Semi-aniline process :

The semi-aniline process creates an additional coating to protect the leather from staining.

What is Napa leather?

Originally napa leather (Napa leather); It was just a name for gloves and clothes named after the Napa Valley in Northern California (it was a big cattle breeding area). Nappa leather is very soft, which is obtained from the top layer of the skin.

Nappa leather; Made from cow hide, it is very widely used for making furniture. Napai lamb leather is also popular in clothing production. Nappa leather feature; Being soft is produced from sheep or calf skin.

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What is invented leather?

patent leatherInvented leather), shiny and grainless in the upper part. In many cases, it is covered with a shiny and smooth foil like a mirror. The best advantage of artificial leather is its very simple and easy cleaning.

What is suede leather?

In general, to more or less rough tanned skins; suede leatherSuede leather) is said. The most well-known representatives of this type of leather are nubuck and suede. suede leather; It is very soft and flexible and can be prepared from almost any animal. Suede leather is mostly used in men’s fashion and style.

During the production of suede, the upper layer of the skin is well sanded on the lower surface. This creates a leather with a velvety and light surface. Because suede leather is velvety leather made from the wild skin of deer, deer or chamois. Suede is characterized by a dull and velvety texture. In addition, this type of leather is not very strong.

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What is Nobook leather?

Like napa leather, nubuck leather (Nobook leather) is also obtained from the upper layer of animal skin. However, this skin is slightly sanded, resulting in a velvety surface. For this reason, nubuck suede is a bit similar to suede, but has a much finer structure. to prepare nubuck leather; They use calf or cow skin.

Nubuck leather is usually used to produce upholstered furniture, handbags, clothes, shoes, gloves and car leather accessories. Nubuck leather will remain waterproof and impenetrable for a long time, and this is the most important feature of this type of leather.

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Shredded leather

In general, the middle and lower layers of animal skin are used during splitting to produce shredded leather. shredded leather; From both sides, it is rough and coarse and is mainly used in the production of shoes and gloves.

In general, shredded leather is more fragile and easily damaged if not used correctly. Also, split leather is cheaper than smooth or full grain leather.

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What is eco leather?

During the tanning of this type of leather, dangerous and harmful substances for the environment are minimized or completely removed and it is compatible with fast fashion. Also for eco leather production; They use cow and buffalo skin. For more information, what is fast fashion or fast fashion? See its effects, disadvantages and problems.

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What is Saffiano or Moroccan leather?

saffiano leatherSaffiano or Moroccan leather); It takes its name from the Moroccan city of Safi. This type of leather is made from goat skin and looks very delicate, shiny and hard. Saffiano or Moroccan leather; It is usually painted on one side, but it is never varnished.

What is antique leather?

Antique leather is created using a special dyeing technique of napa leather. antique leatherAntique leather); It has an old and antique look and is usually multi-colored.

What is velvet leather?

The fleshy part of the skin is sanded to produce leather with a velvety surface and a light mass, to which; velvet leatherVelvet leather) we say. This type of leather is soft and delicate and can be obtained from almost any animal. Velvet leather is usually used to make shoes.

Russian leather

Russian leather (Russian leather); It is made from calf or cow skin. Russian leather is very strong, strong, dense and flexible, and it is rubbed with Qirghan oil, which is why it has a strong smell.

Metallic leather

If some metallic effects are applied on smooth leather; metallic leatherMetallic leather) arises. In the final finishing stage of leather, after tanning, by adding metal powder, a pearl or rainbow effect is obtained, which is called metallic leather.

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Types of natural leather based on animal skin

Leather is divided into several types depending on the origin of production and the skin taken from the animal. In fact, according to the type of animal, leather can include goat, cow, horse, pig, snake, fish, reptile leather, sable, cervin, etc.
In this part of the fashion and style magazine, we will introduce you to different types of leather and tell the characteristics of each one.

Deer leather

Deer skin has special properties that are used to make clothes, gloves and bags. Deer skin is amazingly soft, light and yet tear resistant.

Beef skin or leather

Cow leather is usually strong and very resistant and thick when touched by hand. Cow hide or leather is relatively smooth and it is used to prepare leather accessories inside the car, clothes, shoes, various models of women’s belts and men’s belts and bridles.

Calf skin

A calf has hair holes the size of an adult cow. with the difference that the calf is smaller. As a result, the calf skin looks more uniform and is smoother and finer. Also, calf leather is more resistant than cowhide.

Calf leather is usually used to make shoes, clothes and quality leather goods such as chair covers. Also, this type of leather is used for the production of women’s shoes, heel covers and binding leather.

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Goat leather

One of the characteristics of goat skin is hairy holes (visible with a magnifying glass). Goat skin is mainly used as suede leather. Goat leather is very thin, light, windproof and resistant to tearing. In addition, goat skin is considered the best quality leather for making clothes. Goat leather is widely used in women’s fashion and style.

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Lamb or sheep leather

As mentioned above, napa leather is made from lamb skin. You can recognize lamb or sheep leather by its smooth surface and warm, buttery feel. However, leather or lambskin does not last long. For this reason, goat leather is mainly used to make fine clothes that are not worn every day, such as gloves and fine women’s shoes.

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Pig skin or leather

It is easy to recognize the pig skin through its different hair holes that are obtained from the hair of this animal and cover the entire skin. Pig skin is very strong and strong and less beautiful than cow, goat, calf or lamb leather. Pig leather is often used to make strong clothes such as jackets, pants, overcoats and travel bags and luggage.

Crocodile leather

The skin of young crocodiles is usually used to produce crocodile leather. Adult specimens of this animal have scales that break easily during the processing and tanning process. On the crocodile leather, ordinary grains are printed.

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Fish leather

Fish leather can be recognized by the distinct vertical stripes on the back of the leather. Fish leather is very flexible and is rarely used today. This type of leather is often used to produce wallets or handbags and shoes. Today, fish leather is mostly obtained from the skin of hag fish, which are not related to real fish.

Ostrich leather

Ostrich leather has goose-like grains on the smooth surface. Ostrich leather can be recognized by the normal knots on the back and it is very durable.

Types of natural leather after tanning

After the tanning process, natural leather is classified into several types, and we present the characteristics of each of them below:

• Oily leather:
  Oil leather is usually more flexible and durable than other types of leather. Because the oils lost during the tanning process are provided by fats and oils.
• baked leather :
  Tanned leather is obtained by immersing tanned hides in boiling water, wax or fat until it becomes hammered. Then this type of leather becomes hard and stable after cooling by keeping the shape they gave it.
• Lacquered leather :
  Patent leather is completely shiny, waterproof and resistant. In fact, a permanent layer of polyurethane is placed on the desired skin and finally lacquered leather is created.
• Painted leather :
  Colored leathers, which we know with all kinds of colors, are prepared with a dye bath. These colors can include aniline or acrylic color that dissolves in alcohol.

What is the best type of leather?

As we said, there are different types of leather with very different properties and qualities in the market. If you use quality leather, you can enjoy it for years. However, if you want to spend less on your leather goods, the synthetic type will suit you. Because all types of artificial leather have the same appearance as genuine or natural leather and you will see almost the same properties.